Hi Jona,
If you are running your car with lowered springs you should be using B8's, good website below, just highlight heavy duty or sport for the year model of your car and it gives you a description of what bilstein intended how their shocks are to be used, always best to go with the makers recommendations.
http://www.eshocks.com/bil_veh.asp?Mode ... &SubChar=Q
If the 51mm sports shocks come with the housings as well your ok, if they are just the shocks, you will need to source 51mm housings, 318's run smaller shocks and housings.
testing older shocks, they can be machine tested on the car, a lot of work for you to find out they are no good, I have found bilstien recommend that the shocks be left in an upright position for 24 hrs prior to install, so do that, then grab one, put one end up against the wall and push like hell, being hydraulic it should have a smooth, steady progressive feel on the in push and you can feel it through your hands, then let it go back to its rest position and you can feel if its smooth in its operation, do so for both shocks, they should feel the same, do so a couple of times, if one feels different, buy new ones.
Used this check to test shocks when I bought a e28 m5, when I checked them, they weren't consistent with one another, so got new ones.
Bad shocks effect handling and braking distance.
am on my 3rd 318i suspension upgrade.
hope this info helps, cheers.